Robots and automation: How Africa is at risk
Within less than two decades it will
be cheaper to operate robots in US factories than hire workers in
Africa, a new report warns.
Falling automation costs are predicted to cause job losses as manufacturers return to richer economies.
Some
analysts say poorer countries could be less impacted by this trend,
however the Overseas Development Institute (ODI) suggests otherwise.
But its report adds African nations have time to prepare for the change.
"African
countries must not shy away from manufacturing, but instead prepare by
increasing access to internet, investing in technical skills and
promoting technological innovation," said Karishma Banga a senior
research officer at ODI.
"If done well, automation can present important opportunities
for African countries by improving labour productivity in
manufacturing," she said.
It has been suggested that poorer countries will not as be affected by automation because they have less money to invest in it."Our
research shows that t
his is overly optimistic. Currently the cost of
operating robots in furniture manufacturing is still higher than labour,
but this will not be the case within 15 years", Dirk Willem te Velde,
director of the Supporting Economic Transformation programme at ODI,
said in a statement.
ODI's report, Digitalisation and the Future of Manufacturing in Africa,
found that in furniture manufacturing, the cost of operating robots and
3D printers in the US will be cheaper than Kenyan wages by 2034.
In Ethiopia, ODI predicts robotic automation will be cheaper than Ethiopian workers between 2038 and 2042.
This
gives the continent between one to two decades to build up its
capabilities in sectors less at risk of automation, "such as food and
beverages, garments, metals", the report writes.
It advises
African nations to expand access to broadband and develop locals'
technical skills through vocational training, technology hubs, and a
bigger focus on STEM subjects in African educational bodies.
BBC
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