Ghanaian shoe seller vows to bring Yahya Jammeh to justice
A Ghanaian man is leading a campaign
to bring The Gambia's former leader Yahya Jammeh to justice over the
murder of 56 migrants who were mistaken for coup plotters, writes the
BBC's Alex Duval Smith.
Martin Kyere leapt from the pick-up truck
into the darkness. Bullets whistled around him as he ran for his life
through the thick Gambian forest. He fell. He picked himself up. He
dodged the soldiers' searchlight.
He promised himself not to rest until Mr Jammeh was brought to justice.
Thirteen
years later and now living in his native Ghana, Mr Kyere is the key
witness in an international effort to bring The Gambia's former
president to trial for what was probably the single largest mass killing
during the 22-year reign of terror.
Meanwhile, Mr Jammeh has
lived in Equatorial Guinea since January 2017. He went into exile there
under a regionally-brokered deal after losing the December 2016
presidential election to Adama Barrow.
Travelling to Europe
Mr
Kyere is the only known survivor out of 56 West Africans - most of them
Ghanaian and Nigerian - who were murdered in The Gambia on or around 22
July 2005.
''It is my mission, on behalf of my friends, we want
justice,'' Mr Kyere, now aged 37, told the BBC in his home town in
central Ghana.
In 2005, Mr Kyere, by selling shoes in Ghana and Ivory Coast, had saved up money to travel to Senegal and onwards to Europe.
He
boarded a pirogue in Senegal's capital Dakar. It ran out of fuel and
came ashore in The Gambia. The travellers were arrested, detained for a
week in The Gambia's capital Banjul, and beaten.
''When we asked the police officers why we were there, they just said
the orders came from above. For a long time we thought we would just be
deported.''
But the migrants were handed over to ''the junglers''
- paramilitaries whose torture and killings had helped keep Mr Jammeh
in power since he grabbed it on 22 July 1994.
Some people believe
that in the run-up to the 22 July ''revolution'' commemorations, the
migrants were thought by the paranoid regime to be mercenaries, acting
on behalf of coup plotters.
US lawyer Reed Brody
''We are presenting evidence that approximately 44 Ghanaian citizens were killed by a death squad'' |
Mr Kyere recounts their final journey in meticulous detail: ''Eight
of us were loaded into the pick-up. They used one rope to tie four
people, each with his hands on his back.
''A Nigerian who was a
Muslim, began to pray "Allahu Akbar" (God is greatest). This annoyed
them. They sliced his back with a cutlass. He never raised his head
again.
''The pick-up drove deeper and deeper into the forest. One
of us complained of pain in his arm. A soldier slashed his other arm
with the cutlass and said 'which is more painful?' Now the pick-up was
full of blood. We all knew we were going to die and we tried to release
ourselves.''
Mr Kyere succeeded: ''The others said 'go and tell
the world what Jammeh has done to us'. I jumped from the pick-up and I
heard a voice - 'who is that?' - but I did not look back. I was running.
The bullets passed over me.
''I heard the screams in Twi, ''awu
rade gye yen'' (Oh God save us), and the gunshots followed - so I
realised the guys had been killed.''
Mr Kyere staggered through the forest. He hid from people for fear of being re-arrested.
After several days, he asked for help in a village. He was shown the way to the Senegalese border.
Mr Kyere eventually travelled back to Ghana, sought help from the
authorities and set about travelling, with few means, hundreds of
kilometres around his country to track down the relatives of his lost
comrades. He has found 25 families so far, including that of Peter
Mensah who left behind his wife and three children.
If Mr Jammeh is to be tried, lawyers will have to win his extradition from Equatorial Guinea.
'Rogue elements'
Reed
Brody, legal counsel for campaign group Human Rights Watch, which is
supporting Mr Kyere's campaign along with Trial International, says
Ghana would be an ideal country for the trial because it has a strong
justice system and provisions to prosecute people for the ''enforced
disappearance'' of Ghanaian citizens anywhere in the world.
''We
are presenting evidence that approximately 44 Ghanaian citizens were
killed by a death squad that took its orders from Jammeh,'' said the US
lawyer.
''The only previous official investigation concluded that
the migrants were probably killed by 'rogue elements' acting on their
own.
"Since the fall of Mr Jammeh, we have been able to interview
30 former officials, 11 of whom were directly involved, and it is clear
that the migrants were not killed by rogue elements but by the
'junglers' who took their orders directly from Jammeh.''
However, a 2009 joint investigation by the United Nations and the
West African regional group, the Economic Community of West African
States (Ecowas), concluded
that Mr Jammeh and his government were not to blame for ordering the
killings and that "rogue elements" in the security services were
responsible.
The Gambia returned six bodies to Ghana, and paid
$500,000 (£420,000) to cover burial and other costs. Most of the
remaining bodies have never been found.
Mr Brody advised victims
of former Chadian ruler Hissene Habre, who is a serving a life sentence
in Senegal for atrocities committed during his eight-year rule. He is
determined to ensure that Mr Jammeh also stands trial.
Mr Brody
says if Mr Kyere's case is heard in Ghana this would embolden a nascent
campaign for justice by more than 1,000 of the Jammeh regime's victims
in The Gambia.
But he cautions that ''the legal and security conditions do not exist'' for a trial in The Gambia at the moment.
Mr
Kyere is a gentle-mannered, outwardly unassuming man, who still sells
shoes. But when he opens his mouth to speak, his voice is like a thunder
box for justice.
He does not feel guilt for being the only known survivor.
''I
am alive for a reason and that reason is to obtain justice - to know
one day why Yahya Jammeh grabbed us and decided to kill us in an
unlawful way.''
BBC
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